الألعاب الأولمبية

[قحطان الخطيب]

(9) الألعاب الأولمبية(Olympic Games)
اقتباس وإعداد وترجمة : قحطـان فؤاد الخطيب
juror.qahtan1@gmail.com / Mobile: 07723159372
مقتبسة عن موسوعة إنكارتا 2006 Excerpted from Encarta Kids 2006
يتوافد الرياضيون من جميع أنحــاء العالم سـوية كل أربع سنوات للمنافسة في الألعاب الأولمبية . هل تعرف لماذا تدعى هذه الفعالية بالأولمبية ؟ أقيمت الألعاب الأولمبية أولاً في أولمبيا باليونان القديمة تكريماً للإله اليوناني
(زيوس Zeus) () .وتقام الألعاب الأولمبية هذه الأيام في مدن مختلفة حول العالم .
الألعــاب القديمــة
نحن نعلم بأن الألعاب الأولمبية القديمة بدأت بحدود 776 ق.م. وذلك عندما بدأ اليونانيون بالاحتفاظ بالأرقام القياسية للفائزين . واستمرت الألعاب القديمة حتى حوالي 392م ، قبل أكثر من 1000 سنة !
جاء الرياضيون من مدن في جميع أنحاء اليونان للمنافسة في (السباقات races):
-الملاكمة (boxing) المصارعة (wrestling)
-الجمناستك (gymnastics)
-رفع الأثقال (weightlifting)
كما رموا (الرماح (spears)
ورموا (القرص البرنزي (hurled a bronze discus-disk)
و (قفزوا الموانع (jumped for distance)
وتسابق أغنياء اليونانيين بخيولهم . وقد توج الفائزون بأكاليل الزيتون أو أوراق النخيل .
ولم تكن الألعاب الأولمبية مجرد فعالية رياضية ، على أي حال ، فقد كانت هناك مسابقات في الشعر والموسيقى وإلقاء الخطب وفنون أخرى أيضاً .
وفي بدايــة ونهايــة الألعاب الأولمبية نُحرت الحيوانات كأضاح ، (ذُبحت وقُدمت قرباناً) لزيوس .
وقد بني معبد رائع في أولمبيا على شـرف زيوس . وعندمـا توقف الناس عن عبادة الآلهة اليونانية ، ألغيت الألعاب الأولمبية .
الألعــاب الحديثـة
أعيدت الألعاب الأولمبية عام 1896 وأقيمت أول لعبة أولمبية حديثة في أثينا ، عاصمة اليونان . وقد شاركت تسعة أقطار فقط في الألعاب الأولمبية الأولى ، بمشاركة كل الرياضيين الذكور .
واليوم يتنافس ما يربو على 10.000 رياضياً في الألعاب الأولمبية بما يقارب النصف منهم من الإناث يمثلون 200 أمة .
وفي البداية تضمنت الألعاب الأولمبية الأولى ألعاباً صيفية فقط مثل :
- السباحة (swimming)
- الجذف (rowing)
- الساحة والميدان (track and field)
وقد أضيف (لعبة التزلج (figure skating) عام 1908 ، فيما أضيف
-هوكي الجليد (ice hockey) عام 1920 .
وأقيمت أول ألعاب أولمبية شتوية عام 1924 . وفيما بعد أضيفت رياضات شتوية أكثر إلى الألعاب الأولمبية منها :
- التزلج من أعالي الجبال (downhill skiing)
- الانزلاق بزلاجة (bobsledding)
وفي عام 1990 ألحقت هاتان اللعبتان :
- القفز بالتزلج (ski jumping)
- التزلج الحر (freestyle skiing)
ومن عام 1924 وحتى 1992 جرت الألعاب الشتوية والصيفية في نفس العام . وبعد عام 1992 نُقلت الألعاب الشتوية اللاحقة إلى سنتين لغاية عام 1994 . والآن تجري الألعاب الشتوية والصيفية كل عامين منفصلين . وكل واحدة منهما تقام كل أربع سنوات.

الجري وراء الذهـب

بعد كل فعالية أولمبية تمنح الجوائز للمتبارين الذين ينجزون الفعالية الرياضية أولاً وثانياً وثالثاً . ويتسلم الفائزون من الدرجة الأولى ميدالية ذهبية . وأولئك الذين ينهون الفعالية الرياضية ثانياً يتسلمون ميدالية فضية . أما هؤلاء من الدرجة الثالثة فيتسلمون ميدالية برونزية .

وغالباً ما يبهر الرياضيون الأولمبيون العالم . وفي عام 1912 فاز جيم ثورب من الولايات المتحدة بميدالية ذهبية لاثنتين من المنافسات الأكثر صعوبة في الساحة والميدان : المباراة الخماسية (the pentathlon) المشتملة على خمس فعاليات . إن ثورب فلازال الرياضي الوحيد الذي فاز بمباراة الخماسية و مباراة من عشرة سباقات (decathlon) في نفس الأولمبياد .

في عام 1932 أصبح باب دكريكسن من الولايات المتحدة الرياضي الأولمبي الوحيد الذي سبق وفاز بالميداليات لفعاليات الركض المنفصل والقفز والرمي .

وبعد أربع سنوات فاز الأمريكي من أصل أفريقي جيسي اوينز بأربع ميداليات ذهبية . وخلال عام 1970 ألهبت فعاليات اولكا كوريت ، من الإتحاد السوفيتي ونادية كومانيسي من رومانيا جيلاً من الفتيات لاحتراف الجمناستك . كما أدهش الأمريكي مارك سبيدز العالم بفوزه بسبع ميداليات ذهبية في السباحة . وسحرت سارة هيوجز الحضـور عام 2002 لتزلجها بطريقتها التي قادتها إلى الميدالية الذهبية.
Olympic Games
Every four years, athletes from around the world come together to compete in the Olympic Games. Do you know why this event is called the Olympics? The games were first held at Olympia in ancient Greece. The ancient Olympic Games honored the Greek god Zeus. Today, the Olympic Games are held in different cities around the world.
THE ANCIENT GAMES
We know that the ancient Olympics began as far back as 776 bc. That’s when the Greeks began keeping records of the winners. The ancient Games continued until about ad 392, more than 1,000 years! Athletes came from cities throughout Greece to compete in races, boxing and wrestling matches, gymnastics, and weightlifting. They also threw spears, hurled a discus (bronze disk), and jumped for distance. Wealthy Greeks raced their horses. Winners were crowned with wreaths of olive or palm leaves. The ancient Olympic Games were not just a sporting event, however. There were competitions in poetry, music, speechmaking, and other arts as well. At the beginning and end of the Games, animals were sacrificed (killed and offered) to Zeus. A splendid temple was built at Olympia in Zeus’s honor. When people stopped worshiping the Greek gods, the Olympic Games were canceled.

THE MODERN GAMES

The Olympic Games were brought back in 1896. The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, the capital of Greece. Only nine countries participated in the first Games, and all the athletes were male. Today, some 10,000 athletes compete in the Olympic Games, and nearly half of them are female. They represent about 200 nations. At first, the modern Olympics included only summer sports, such as swimming, rowing, and track and field. Figure skating was added in 1908, and ice hockey in 1920.
The first winter Olympic Games were held in 1924. More winter sports were later added to the Winter Games, including downhill skiing, bobsledding, and ski jumping. Snowboarding and freestyle skiing followed in the 1990s. From 1924 through 1992, the Winter Games and the Summer Games took place in the same year. After 1992, the next Winter Games were moved up two years, to 1994. Winter Games and Summer Games now occur two years apart. Each of these Games takes place every four years.

GOING FOR THE GOLD
After each Olympic event, medals are awarded to the competitors who finish in first, second, and third place. First-place winners receive a gold medal. Those who finish in second place receive a silver medal, and those in third place, a bronze medal.
Olympic athletes often dazzle the world. In 1912, Jim Thorpe of the United States won the gold medal for two of the most difficult contests in track and field: the pentathlon, which consists of five different events, and the decathlon, which consists of ten events. Thorpe is still the only athlete to have won the pentathlon and decathlon at the same Olympics. In 1932, Babe Didrikson of the United States became the only Olympic athlete ever to win medals in separate running, jumping, and throwing events. Four years later, African American track star Jesse Owens won four gold medals.

During the 1970s, the thrilling performances of Olga Korbut of the Soviet Union and Nadia Comaneci of Romania inspired a generation of girls to take up gymnastics. Also in the 1970s, American Mark Spitz amazed the world by winning a total of seven gold medals in swimming. Sarah Hughes in 2002 charmed audiences as she skated her way to a gold medal.

[FrankJScott]

For the man asking about local personal injury attorneys, best personal injury lawyer long island, injury attorney brooklyn, bronx slip and fall lawyer, brighthouse financial metlife, all american finance insurance, I highly recommend this awesome injury attorneys forum or principal financial dental insurance, queens bicycle accidents attorney, one main financial insurance, finance & insurance, new port richey injury lawyer, country financial auto insurance, and don't forget this best accident legal service site and don't forget manhattan motorcycle accident lawyers, pro bono personal injury lawyer, personal injury trial lawyers, car accident lawyer long beach, a personal injury lawyer, principal financial dental insurance, on top of this top rated accident attorney forum which is also great. Also, have a look at this updated accident lawyer site on top of new york injury lawyers, usaa classic car loan, cigna financial, best car accident injury lawyers, serious injury attorney, personal injury law, as well as this great injury legal service site as well as one main financial insurance, manhattan injury attorney, mike morse michigan injury law firm, best personal injury attorney near me, manhattan motorcycle accidents attorney, finance services and insurance, and don't forget top rated accident legal services tips which is also worth a look. I also suggest this new injury lawyers site and don't forget atlanta injury attorney, serious injury lawyer, dallas injury attorney, personal injury attorney in manhattan, motorcycle loan usaa, m&y personal injury lawyers, not to mention this best accident legal services forum on top of providence injury lawyer, lawyer injury, maritime accident lawyer, injury attorney manhattan, georgia injury lawyer, greenville truck accidents lawyer, as well as updated accident attorneys details as well as lawyers near me personal injury, top personal injury law firms, state farm auto loan, choosing a personal injury lawyer, queens work injury lawyer, injury attorney near me, which is also great. Finally, have a look at this excellent accident law firm advice with construction accident law firm, car accident defense lawyer near me, sacramento injury lawyer, state farm boat loan, injury lawyer providence, no insurance on financed car, for good measure. Check more @ Awesome Real Estate Marketing Info 72e43f2

[FrankJScott]

In reply to the guy inquiring about crypto arbitrage trading platform, automated robot trading system, most secure crypto exchange, cftc algorithmic trading, world best crypto exchange, qtrade crypto, I highly recommend this her comment is here for automated trading details or ticker message board, etrade cryptocurrency, the best automated trading software, automation in forex trading, fully automated forex trading, stockmarket forum, as well as this continue about forex trading details alongside all arbitrage in cryptocurrency, best ea forex robot 2020, day trader bot, automate tradingview strategy, mql5 algo trading, fiat crypto exchange, as well as this related site about forex trading advice which is as good as crypto day trading reddit, automated scalping software, renko automated trading, okex futures, top crypto trading platforms, deribit futures, . Also, have a look at this get the facts for forex trading info on top of gemini exchange reddit, best stock market forums, tradestation forum, stock market chat room, signal bot trading, wunderbit trading, not to mention this the original source on forex trading site on top of best cryptocurrency investment app, automated trading system, thinkorswim automated trading strategies, gemini trading app, cryptocurrency trading app, phemex leverage, on top of total stranger for forex trading advice which is also worth a look and don't forget automatic technical analysis stock, tradingview automation, cryptocurrency leverage, ninjatrader auto trading, true trader review reddit, kraken trading platform, also. I also recommend this continue on automated trading details and don't forget al brooks forum, auto crypto binance, best quadency bot, mt4 cryptocurrency, best crypto futures exchange, crypto forex investment, and don't forget this how you can help for automated trading tips and don't forget automated trading coinbase pro, etoro cryptocurrency list, telegram forex signals reddit, my auto trading, cheapest fees crypto exchange, coinrule backtesting, alongside all more about the author on crypto trading blog on top of best automated trading software, robot futures trading, fx crypto trading, crypto margin trading, day trading cryptocurrency, best forex trading chat rooms, which is also great. Finally, have a look at this straight from the source about automated trading info with cryptocurrency trading sites, automate tradingview strategy, tastyworks automated trading, automated forex trading algorithms, best stock market forums, crypto trading for dummies, for good measure. Check more @ Handy Facts For Deciding On Green Energy f186_a5

[FrankJScott]

To the guy talking about tray packing, tension, cosmetics industry packaging, efficient case packing, intelligent packaging system, quality, I highly suggest this her comment is here for custom packaging info or product control in case packing, combined packaging solution, quick and easy set-up, packaging solutions for industrial companies, dessert filling, food industry, on top of this bonuses on custom packaging info as well as automated, refroidissement, increased workplace efficiency, electrical power supply in 480v, coûts de production, wrap-around packaging machine for cartons, not to mention this he said on custom packaging link which is also great. Also, have a look at this read more for packaging solutions tips as well as continuous motion overlap seal bundle shrink wrapper, rembourrage pour emballage de produits, case packer, shipping time, département d’ingénierie externalisé., all-in-one sequential monoblock packaging solution, as well as this homepage on automated packing site as well as top-loaders and end-loaders in case packing, pharmaceuticals, flow fillers for liquid and edible product packaging, north american support and service, manual cup loading, normes d'hygiène alimentaire, not to mention my sources on automated packing tips which is also wopackingh a look. I also recommend this my website on packaging solutions tips on top of secteurs pharmaceutique, cosmétique, produits ménagers, boissons, alimentaire, produits laitiers, ointment filling, économisez du carton, team, green, independent bottle turner, alongside all this my website for packaging solutions forum on top of custom packing solution, supply chain strategy, changement de format, amélioration de la qualité, food-safe packaging, wrap around case packer, not to mention my website on custom packaging link and don't forget consommation énergétique réduite, secondary packaging, stainless steel frame, emballage, omron him, sideloader, which is also great. Finally, have a look at this that guy on custom packaging site with closure by hot melt gluing, north america aluminum foil market, improved customer service, machines de pose mono- et double-tête, 6 points clés à regarder avant de choisir sa solution d'emballage automatique, siemens, for good measure. Check more @ Free Facts To Considering Custom Sportswear 02c768d