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a rule, law, or regulation

What are regulations?
Regulations, also called administrative rules, are a form of delegated legislation. Legislatures delegate to
administrative agencies the power to create or promulgate regulations, especially when they want to establish
complex controls or incentives that require close monitoring or specialized knowledge

Why use regulations?
Regulations have the force and effect of law when an administrative agency promulgates them within its
authority and according to appropriate procedures. Regulations frequently provide detailed instructions on
how to comply with a law. Publication of regulations provides constructive notice of their contents.

How are regulations published?
Regulations are published both c hronologically and topically. Chronological publications are called
administrative registers. Topical arrangements of regulations are called administrative codes. Administrative
codes and registers can be published in print or a variety of electronic formats.
Federal regulations appear chronologically in
the order in which they are promulgated in the
Federal Register (Fed. Reg.) and topically in
the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.).
The Federal Register is published daily
Monday through Friday except holidays,
throughout the calendar year; each volume
covers an entire year. In addition to final
regulations, it also contains proposed rules
and regulations, approved rules and
regulations, notices of hearings, Presidential
proclamations and executive orders.
The C.F.R. is a subject-matter arrangement of
all United States administrative agency rules
and regulations currently in effect. It is
divided in to 50 titles, with each title covering
one agency or area. The paper version is published annually on a quarterly rotating
basis.
Massachusetts regulations appear chronologically in the biweekly Massachusetts
Register (Mass. Reg.) and topically in the Code of Massachusetts Regulations
(C.M.R.) which is published in a looseleaf format.

How do I find current federal regulations?
Current federal regulations are available in a variety of formats. The easiest way to find citations to federal
regulations is to use a secondary source or topical research service, such as the CCH Standard Federal Tax
Reporter or the BNA Environment Reporter.
The government publishes a print index to the C.F.R. which can be used to find regulations by subject. The
Boston College Law Library ****ves this next to the C.F.R. at Law General Collection KF 70.
Another way to obtain C.F.R. cites is to use the United States Code Service (U.S.C.S.). U.S.C.S. provides
citations to regulations in its annotations following the federal legislation that authorized the regulations.
The Code of Federal Regulations is available as a full-text searchable database from the U.S. Government
Printing Office (GPO Access) from 1996 to the present http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html. In this
database you may locate parts and subparts of the C.F.R. that contain your search terms, even if they do not
appear in the same section.

The C.F.R. is also available through subscription legal research services such as LexisNexis (short file name
GENFED;CFR) and Westlaw (database name CFR). LexisNexis and Westlaw’s powerful full-text search
capabilities may be used to locate C.F.R. sections that contain key words or phrases. Westlaw’s Regulations
Plus allows you to view citing cases and related agency and administrative materials and to link to prior
versions of a C.F.R. section.
To make sure that the regulations you have located are current, be sure to check the currentness of any C.F.R.
book or database you use. The official C.F.R. at GPO Access is updated on the same schedule as the print
publication – once a year per volume. Since each print volume of the C.F.R. is updated only once a year,
researchers using the official C.F.R. in either format should also check for very recent regulations in the List of
Sections Affected (L.S.A.) pamphlets that accompany the C.F.R. or the L.S.A. online at GPO Access
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/lsa/index.html for Federal Register pages that contain new and amended
regulations published after a C.F.R. volume was last reprinted. For the latest changes to a C.F.R. section when
using the print L.S.A., check the “C.F.R. Parts Affected” in the Reader Aids section in the back of the latest
Federal Register issue for each month since the publication of the L.S.A. pamphlet.
LexisNexis and Westlaw versions of the C.F.R. as well as GPO’s e-C.F.R. at http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/,
incorporate changes to regulations more quickly than the print and PDF versions, but should still be checked
for currency and updated when necessary by the using the Federal Register. Westlaw’s Regulations Plus
supplies links to Federal Register final rules and proposed rules related to the section being viewed

How do I find regulatory history of federal regulations?
The Federal Register contains promulgated regulations, but it also contains the rulemaking activities
(“legislative history”) of regulations. The usual rulemaking process includes publication of a notice of intent,
proposed rules, requests for comments, and final rules. Also included are explanations of the rulemakers’
intent, including summaries of comments received and how those comments affected the regulations.
The back of each C.F.R. volume contains List of Sections Affected (L.S.A.) tables that indicate when each
regulation was added, amended or repealed. Earlier changes are contained in the L.S.A. bound volumes
****ved near the C.F.R. volumes in the Boston College Law Library.
The introduction of the Federal Docket Management System (FDMS) to Regulations.gov has made it possible
to easily access additional regulatory material such as supporting analyses and the actual comments submitted
by the public. Regulations.gov http://www.regulations.gov/ was launched in January 2003 as a centralized
online access point for proposed rules, and is open for comment by members of the public. In September
2005 Regulations.gov enabled public electronic access to entire rulemaking dockets from participating
agencies, including supporting analyses and comments submitted by the public. Each agency determines what
information to make available on the site. The number of agencies participating in the eRulemaking Initiative
continues to grow

How do I use the Federal Register?
The print version of the Federal Register has its own daily, monthly, and annual indexes. Use these indexes to
locate federal regulations by issuing agency or type of activity, e.g. EPA, or rulemaking.
The full text of the Federal Register for many years can also be searched on LexisNexis (short file name
GENFED;FEDREG) and Westlaw (database name FR). The Internet offers perhaps the simplest and most
economical way to search the Federal Register. Visit the GPO Access site at
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/index.html to search the Federal Register from 1995 through the present.
The complete Federal Register is available electronically through the BC Law Library’s subscription to Hein
Online. A link is available on the Law Library’s homepage.

Where are Federal Regulations ****ved at the Boston College Law Library?
Paper copies of the latest two years of the Federal Register and the current C.F.R. are ****ved at Law General
Collection KF 70 .A2. Indexes are ****ved with the sets. Complete historical sets of the Federal Register and
the C.F.R. can be found in the Microform Room. The Federal Register from 1936-1980 is available on
microfilm and is kept in cabinet 2, drawers 1-5. The Federal Register from 1981-present is on microfiche and is
kept in cabinet 5, drawers 8-10. The C.F.R. on microfiche is kept in cabinet 5, drawers 1-4.

STATE REGULATIONS
Do all states have administrative codes and registers?
Most states publish administrative codes and registers, although some, like Arkansas, only formally publish
regulations in one format.
Most state administrative codes and many registers are available through the LexisNexis and Westlaw
computer-assisted legal research systems. Some of these materials are not available to academic subscribers of
the systems due to restraints placed upon them by the publishers of the primary materials.
Additionally, many states have at least some of their administrative materials freely available on the web. To
find publicly accessible versions of a state’s regulations, visit the Boston College Law Library’s state legal
research materials web page at http://www.bc.edu/schools/law/library/research/state/ and click on the
FindLaw link.
Where do I find current Massachusetts regulations?
Current Massachusetts regulations appear in the Code of Massachusetts Regulations (C.M.R.) which is kept on
reserve at the Information Desk. Regulations in the C.M.R. are arranged by issuing agency. Also on Reserve is
an index to the C.M.R. In addition, references to regulations are found in the annotations to the unofficial
Massachusetts statutory codes, M.G.L.A. and Ann. L. Mass., which are indexed.
The C.M.R. is also available through LexisNexis (short file name MASS;MADMN) and Westlaw (database
identifier MA-ADC). Some, but not all, Massachusetts regulations are freely available on the Web at
http://www.lawlib.state.ma.us/cmr.html.
New regulations and amendments are published in the biweekly Massachusetts Register. Massachusetts
Register pages containing newly promulgated regulations are then filed into the looseleaf C.M.R. set to keep it
up to date.
The Massachusetts Register contains a cumulative table of amendments and regulations (including emergency
regulations) published during the current year but not filed in the C.M.R. Emergency regulations can remain
in effect for up to three months.
Where do I find older Massachusetts regulations?
The library maintains a historical set of the Massachusetts Register which can be used to determine the status
of a particular regulation on a particular date. The bound paper copies of the Massachusetts Register are
****ved at Law Massachusetts Collection KFM 2434.5 .M3x. A microfiche edition of the Massachusetts Register
is available in the Microform Room. The complete C.M.R. from 1988 is also available in the Microform Room.
Lexis has historical C.M.R. databases beginning in 2004, and Massachusetts Registers from May 19, 1995,
(short file name MASS;MARGST). Westlaw contains C.M.R. databases back to 2002.

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http://www.bc.edu/schools/law/librar...egulations.pdf

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