فعل الكينونة essere وتصريفاته في خمس ازمنة وأزمنة المستقبل
 

أولاً : تمهيد ضروري :

1- إن فعل يكون " essere " يدّل على الكيان إذا تم تصريفه لوحده .
2- و إذا رافق الموصوف و صفته كان الرابطة بين المبتدأ و الخبر في اللغة العربية :
الولد / هو / صالح
Il ragazzo ẽ buono.

3- يستخدم فعل يكون " essere " كمعاون لتصريف الأزمنة المركبة لبعض الأفعال المعلومة اللازمة ، أي تلك التي تكتفي بفاعلها و لا تأخذ مفعولاً به ، و لتصريف الأزمنة المركبة من الأفعال الضمائرية ، او الأفعال المنعكسة التي يكون فيها الفاعل و المفعول به شخصا واحدا ، و لتصريف أزمنة الفعل المجهول .
إذا :
أ ) يستخدم فعل يكون " essere " كمعاون لتصريف الأزمنة المركبة لبعض الأفعال المعلومة اللازمة ، أي تلك التي تكتفي بفاعلها و لا تأخذ مفعولاً به.
ب ) يستخدم فعل يكون " essere " لتصريف الأزمنة المركبة من الأفعال الضمائرية ، او الأفعال المنعكسة التي يكون فيها الفاعل و المفعول به شخصا واحدا
4- ج ) يستخدم فعل يكون " essere " لتصريف أزمنة الفعل المجهول .


أمثلة :
أنا ذهبتُ / ذهبتُ
Io sono partito
أنا استعددت / استعددت
Io mi sono preparato
أنا أدعى / أدعى

Io sono chiamato

ثانياً : تصريف الصفى التعينية أو التأكيدية :

1- الزمن الحاضر :للزمن الحاضر صيغة واحدة ( يمكن حفظها غيباً )
أكون
Io sono
تكون أو تكونين
Tu sei
هو يكون ، هي تكون
Egli ẽ , lei ẽ
نحن نكون
Noi siamo
انتم تكونون
Voi siete
هم يكونون
loro sono
هنّ يكن
loro sono

و يطول الحديث عن فعل الكون قليلاً و لذلك سنقسمه إلى عدّة دروس كي تسهل عملية القراءة على الجميع ، كما انني أنصح المتابعين بإعادة قرائة كلّ شيئء أخذناه حتى الآن و سيجدوا الفرق الواضح باذن الله .

و

تصريف فعل الكون مع خمسة أزمنة
 

للماضي خمسة أوقات يفرّق بينها المعنى المقصود في الماضي و هي :
1- الماضي الناقص l'imperefetto
2-الماضي البعيد ( التام) definito أو المحدد Il passato remoto
3- الماضي القريب ( غير المحدد ) Il passato prossimo
4- الماضي الأسبق Il passato anteriore
5- الماضي الأتم Il piủ perfetto
يمكننا الشرح بالقول ان الأول - الماضي الناقص l'imperefetto - حاضر بالنسبة إلى فعل ماض آخر يصحبه في العمل .

و الثاني - الماضي البعيد ( التام) definito أو المحدد Il passato remoto
- يدل إلى فعل تم و مضى عليه زمن طويل .
و الثالث - الماضي القريب ( غير المحدد ) Il passato prossimo - يدل على حدث تمّ من مدة وجيزة .
و الرابع - الماضي الأسبق Il passato anteriore - يدل على ماض سبق فعل ماض آخر بزمن يسير .

و الخامس و الأخير هو لماض سبق فعل ماض آخر تماما.

تصريف فعل essre في الماضي الناقص

(الماضي الناقص l'imperefetto - حاضر بالنسبة إلى فعل ماض آخر يصحبه في العمل . )

كنتُ
Ero
كنتَ – كنتِ
Eri
كان – كانت
Era
كنا
Eravamo
كنتم – كنتن
Eravata
كانوا ، كنّ
Erano

تصريف فعل essre في الماضي البعيد

(- الماضي البعيد ( التام) definito أو المحدد Il passato remoto
- يدل إلى فعل تم و مضى عليه زمن طويل .)

كنتُ
Io fui

كنتَ – كنتِ
Tu fosti

كان – كانت
Egli , lei , fủ
كنا
Noi fummo
كنتم – كنتن
Voi foste
كانوا ، كنّ
Essi , esse , furono

تصريف فعل essre في الماضي القريب
( الماضي القريب ( غير المحدد ) Il passato prossimo - يدل على حدث تمّ من مدة وجيزة .)

كنتُ
Sono , stato , a

كنتَ – كنتِ
Sei , stato , a

كان – كانت
ẽ stato , a
كنا
Siamo , stati , e

كنتم – كنتن
Siete , stati , e

كانوا ، كنّ
Sono , stati , e

تصريف فعل essre في الماضي الأسبق
( الماضي الأسبق Il passato anteriore - يدل على ماض سبق فعل ماض آخر بزمن يسير . )


كنتُ قد
Fui , stato , a

كنتَ – كنتِ قد
Fosti stato , a

كان – كانت قد
fủ stato , a

كنا قد
Fummo stati , e

كنتم – كنتن قد
Foste , stati , e

كانوا ، كنّ قد
Furno stati , e

تصريف فعل essre في الماضي الأتم

كنتُ قد
Ero stato , a
كنتَ – كنتِ قد
Eri , stato , a
كان – كانت قد
Era stato , a
كنا قد
Eravamo stati , e

كنتم – كنتن قد
Eravata stati , e

كانوا ، كنّ قد
Erano stati , e


منقول ويتبع

تصريف فعل الكون في أزمنة المستقبل
 

الله ينور ويعطيك العافية

ميه ميه تصريفات كلها مهمه فى المعاملات
بس فى كلام كتير مكتوب تقيل قوى وليه بدايل اسهل ومشهور فى اللفه ونطقها سهل


تقبلى مرورى

السلام عليكم
جزاك الله كل خير
موضوع كتير مفيد ومحتاج متابعة ومرور اكتر من مرة للاستيعاب ما يحمل من معنى
يستاهل خمس نجوم *_^
بانتظار المزيد من الاادة ولى عودة لمتابعة الافادة لان الموضوع صعب استيعابة من مرة وحدة
دمتى بحفظ الرحمن

السرم عليكم
Quest ‘anno andremo in Spagna .
سأسافرهذه السنة إلى اسبانيا
و بماذا تريد السفر : سأل الموظف ؟
Andro in aereo .
سأسافر بالطائرة

andremo
andro
فى الجمل الاتنين بمعنى سيسافر صح بس هد دا معناه ان ساسافر فقط من غير مندخلها فى جملة غير ساسافر فى جملة ولة ليها توضيع تانى؟؟

اسفة لى استفسار تانى
ممكن جمل لكل فعل توضح اى ماصى بلظبط ادخل فى هذا الفعل انا فهمت ان فى افعل بدخل فيها اللقب الشخصى وفى افعل بدخل فيها تصؤيفة بس اللى مش قدرة استوعبة الماضى القديم والمبسط والحديث يعنى لو امكن لكل فعل جملة مفيدة نقدر نوضفها على جميع تصريفاتة بس علشان الروئية توضح اذا تكرمتى
اسفة لو كنت ازعجبتك بس انا باكر الدرس بجد اتلغبط وحسيت ان لو فى جمل لكل تصريف حتسهل عليا كتير
بانتظارك
تحيتى

يسلمو غيدا

رد: فعل الكينونة essere وتصريفاته في خمس ازمنة وأزمنة المستقبل
 

شكرا على الموضوع مفيد ولكن صاعب
يحتاج الى المتابعة
grazie tanti

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